the slave collar. Paul H. D. Kaplan is Professor of Art History at Purchase College, SUNY. He is the author of “The Rise of the Black Magus in Western Art” (1985) and of numerous essays on European images [...] Press’s “The Image of the Black in Western Art” (new ed., 2010-2012), and a more recent publication, “Contraband Guides: Race, Transatlantic Culture and the Arts in the Civil War Era” (Penn State Press, [...] 2020), extends his research into nineteenth-century American art and literature.